Craving measures assessed comparing smoking and neutral cue conditions.

<p>(a) Visual analog scale measurements of craving for a cigarette assessed every fifteen minutes during cue-presentation (Blocks 1–4) and every 15 minutes following the completion of the paradigm (Blocks 5–6). There was a main effect of cue type (Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance (RM-ANOVA, F_(1,17) = 6.935, p<0.05) and time (RM-ANOVA, F_(7,119) = 18.098, p<0.005) on craving for a cigarette. (b) Withdrawal symptoms as rated by the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale at baseline (prior to cue presentation) and at the end of the scan. There was a main effect of time on withdrawal symptoms (RM-ANOVA, F_(1,17) = 23.996, p<0.001) (c) Cigarette craving as measured by the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges Factor 1 (urge to smoke for pleasure effects of smoking) and Factor 2 (urge to smoke for relief of negative effect of withdrawal) at baseline and at the end of the scan. There was a main effect of time on the urge to smoke for pleasurable effects (RM-ANOVA, QSU Factor 1 F_(1,17) = 53.866, p<0.001) and on the urge to smoke for relief of negative symptoms (RM-ANOVA, QSU Factor 2, F_(1,17) = 27.591, p <0.001) (d) Cigarette craving measured by the Tobacco Craving Questionnaire factors 1 (Emotionality), 2 (Expectancy), 3 (Compulsivity) and 4 (Purposefulness) at baseline and at the end of the scan. There was a main effect of time on the urge to smoke for relief of negative withdrawal effects (RM-ANOVA, TCQ 1/emotionality F_(1,17) = 11.907, p<0.005), urge to smoke for pleasurable effects (RM-ANOVA, TCQ 2/expectancy F_(1,17) = 25.510, p<0.001) and intention to smoke (RM-ANOVA, TCQ 4/purposefulness F_(1,17) = 14.336, p<0.005). * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.005