DLP activates apoptosis and the JNK/dFOXO signaling pathway.

<p>(A) Comparison of tissue sizes of control (<i>MS1096</i>/Y), <i>DLP</i>-overexpressing (<i>MS1096</i>><i>DLP</i> and <i>MS1096</i>><i>DLP</i>^×<i>2</i>), and <i>DLP</i>- and <i>DIAP1</i>-coexpressing (<i>MS1096</i>><i>DLP</i>^×<i>2</i>+<i>DIAP1</i>) fly wings. Two copies of the <i>DLP</i> gene were overexpressed in <i>MS1096</i>><i>DLP</i>^×<i>2</i>. (B) Acridine orange-stained images of control (<i>MS1096</i>/Y), <i>DLP</i>-overexpressing (<i>MS1096</i>><i>DLP</i> and <i>MS1096</i>><i>DLP</i>^×<i>2</i>), <i>DLP</i>- and <i>hep</i>-coexpressing (<i>MS1096</i>><i>DLP</i>+<i>hep</i>), <i>DLP</i>-overexpressing and <i>hep</i> deficient (<i>MS1096</i>><i>DLP</i>, <i>hep¹</i>), <i>DLP</i>-overexpressing and <i>bsk</i> deficient (<i>MS1096</i>><i>DLP</i>, <i>bsk¹</i>), <i>DLP</i>- and <i>puc</i>-coexpressing (<i>MS1096</i>><i>DLP</i>^×<i>2</i>+<i>puc</i>), and <i>DLP</i>-overexpressing and <i>dFOXO</i> deficient (<i>MS1096</i>><i>DLP</i>^×<i>2</i>, <i>dFOXO²¹</i>) wing imaginal discs. (C) Genetic interactions of <i>DLP</i> with <i>bsk</i>, <i>hep</i>, and <i>puc</i> in the developing wing. The reduced wing phenotype induced by <i>DLP</i> overexpression (<i>MS1096</i>><i>DLP</i>) was strongly exacerbated by <i>bsk</i> (<i>MS1096</i>><i>DLP</i>+<i>bsk</i>) or <i>hep</i> (<i>MS1096</i>><i>DLP</i>+<i>hep</i>) overexpression, and suppressed by <i>bsk</i> (<i>MS1096</i>><i>DLP</i>, <i>bsk¹</i>) or <i>hep</i> (<i>MS1096</i>><i>DLP</i>, <i>hep¹</i>) deficiency or co-expression of <i>puc</i> (<i>MS1096</i>><i>DLP</i>^×<i>2</i>+<i>puc</i>). (D) Comparison of JNK activity in the <i>DLP</i>- and <i>bsk</i>-coexpressing or <i>DLP</i>- and <i>hep</i>-coexpressing wing imaginal discs (<i>MS1096</i>><i>DLP</i>+<i>bsk</i> or <i>MS1096</i>><i>DLP</i>+<i>hep</i>) with <i>DLP</i>-, <i>bsk</i>- or <i>hep</i>-overexpressing wings (<i>MS1096</i>><i>bsk</i> or <i>MS1096</i>><i>hep</i>) by anti-phospho-JNK antibody staining. (E) Genetic interactions of <i>DLP</i> with <i>dFOXO</i> in the developing wing. The wing phenotype of <i>DLP</i> overexpression (<i>MS1096</i>><i>DLP</i>^×<i>2</i>) was strongly suppressed by <i>dFOXO</i> deficiency (<i>MS1096</i>><i>DLP</i>^×<i>2</i>, <i>dFOXO²¹</i>). <i>MS1096</i> with <i>dFOXO</i> deficiency (<i>MS1096</i>, <i>dFOXO²¹</i>) was used as controls. (F) DLP protein levels in the control (<i>sev-GAL4</i>) and constitutive active <i>hep</i>-overexpressing (<i>sev</i>><i>hep^CA</i>) fly heads (Student's <i>t</i>-test, n = 9, *** p<0.001). <i>sev</i>, <i>sevenless-GAL4</i>. The data are expressed as means ± s.e. values. The genotypes of the samples were <i>MS1096</i>/Y (<i>MS1096-GAL4</i>/Y), <i>MS1096</i>><i>bsk</i> (<i>MS1096-GAL4</i>/Y; <i>UAS-bsk</i>/+), <i>MS1096</i>><i>hep</i> (<i>MS1096-GAL4</i>/Y; <i>UAS-hep</i>/+), <i>MS1096</i>, <i>bsk¹</i> (<i>MS1096-GAL4</i>/Y; <i>bsk¹</i>/+), <i>MS1096</i>, <i>hep¹</i> (<i>MS1096-GAL4</i>/<i>hep¹</i>), <i>MS1096</i>><i>DLP</i> (<i>MS1096-GAL4</i>/Y; <i>EY09290</i>/+), <i>MS1096</i>><i>DLP</i>+<i>bsk</i> (<i>MS1096-GAL4</i>/Y; <i>EY09290</i>/<i>UAS-bsk</i>), <i>MS1096</i>><i>DLP</i>+<i>hep</i> (<i>MS1096-GAL4</i>/Y; <i>EY09290</i>/<i>UAS-hep</i>), <i>MS1096</i>><i>DLP</i>, <i>bsk¹</i> (<i>MS1096-GAL4</i>/Y; <i>EY09290</i>/<i>bsk¹</i>), <i>MS1096</i>><i>DLP</i>, <i>hep¹</i> (<i>MS1096-GAL4</i>/<i>hep¹</i>; <i>EY09290</i>/+), <i>MS1096</i>><i>DLP</i>^×<i>2</i> (<i>MS1096-GAL4</i>/Y; <i>EY09290</i>/<i>EY09290</i>), <i>MS1096</i>><i>puc</i> (<i>MS1096-GAL4</i>/Y; <i>UAS-puc</i>/+), <i>MS1096</i>><i>DLP</i>^×<i>2</i>+<i>puc</i> (<i>MS1096-GAL4</i>/Y; <i>EY09290</i>/<i>EY09290</i>; <i>UAS-puc</i>/+), <i>MS1096</i>, <i>dFOXO²¹</i> (<i>MS1096-GAL4</i>/Y;; <i>dFOXO²¹</i>/+), <i>MS1096</i>><i>DLP</i>^×<i>2</i>, <i>dFOXO²¹</i> (<i>MS1096-GAL4</i>/Y; <i>EY09290</i>/<i>EY09290</i>; <i>dFOXO²¹</i>/+), MS1096><i>DLP</i>^×<i>2</i>+<i>DIAP1</i> (<i>MS1096-GAL4</i>/Y; <i>EY09290</i>/<i>EY09290</i>; <i>UAS-DIAP1</i>/+), <i>sev-GAL4</i> (<i>sev-GAL4</i>/+), and <i>sev</i>><i>hep^CA</i> (<i>sev-GAL4</i>/+; <i>UAS-hep^CA</i>/+). <i>bsk</i>, <i>basket</i>; <i>DIAP1</i>, <i>Drosophila inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1</i>; <i>hep</i>, <i>hemipterous</i>; pJNK, phospho-JNK; <i>puc</i>, <i>puckered</i>.