The combination of CpG and R848 increases protection induced by immunization with pVAX1-Sj26GST.

<p>C57BL/6 mice (6 mice per group) were injected with pVAX1-Sj26GST (50 µg), with or without 25 µg CpG, 25 µg R848, or both CpG and R848 (CpG+R848). Seven days after the last dose of vaccine, mice were sacrificed for the characterization of cellular and humoral immune responses. Alternately, 2 weeks after the final vaccination, mice from each group (8 per group) were challenged percutaneously with 40±1 <i>S. japonicum</i> cercariae. Six weeks later, the mice were sacrificed and perfused to determine worm burdens and liver egg burdens. The adult worm (A) and liver egg burdens (B) per mouse in each group were determined. The data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 8) and are representative of 2 independent experiments. * <i>P</i><0.05; ** <i>P</i><0.01.