DCEF-mediated induction of directional migration of glioma cells.

<p>In the absence of DCEF, Astrocytes (A), U87 glioma cells (B), C6 glioma cells (C) and U251 glioma cells (D) migrated with equal probability in all directions. The DCEF in a 200 mV/mm could not direct the migration of the astrocyte (A′). Glioma cells migrated toward the cathode in a 200 mV/mm DCEF after two hours of exposure (B′–D′). An analysis of direction (cosθ) and speed (µm/h) of glioma cells migration (E and F). *<i>P</i><0.05.