PCR for <i>Schistosoma</i> spp. <i>and S. mansoni</i> in artificial urine samples as DNA source using commercial kits as DNA extraction methods.

<p>Agarose gel electrophoresis of <i>Schistosoma</i> genus-specific PCR products of 877 bp (A) and <i>S. mansoni</i> species-specific products of 350 bp (B), respectively, obtained in fresh healthy artificial urine samples using three commercially available DNA extraction kits: FitAmp™ Urine DNA Isolation Kit (FitAmp), NucleoSpin® DNA Trace Kit (Trace), and Urine DNA® Isolation Kit (Urine). 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40: ng of DNA added to aliquots of 5 mL, 3 mL and 2 mL of urine. Volumes recommended by the manufacturers to increase DNA recovery from urine samples are indicated in brackets; C+, positive control (<i>S. mansoni</i> DNA, 1 ng/µL); C−, negative control (ultrapure water); M, molecular weight marker XIII (Roche).