ROCK is involved in fibrochondrogenesis of MSCs.

<p>A: Immunofluorescence staining for f-acin (green) and DAPI (blue) after MSCs treated (ii) or untreated (i) with the ROCK inhibitor Y27632 under perpendicular flow stimulus for 6 h. Scale bar: 20 µm. B–F: Fibrochondrogenesis-related gene expression of Sox9 (B), Runx2 (C), collagen I (D), collagen II (E), and aggrecan (F) was analyzed after 4 weeks of differentiation under perpendicular flow with a peak shear stress of 1 dyne/cm². Data were presented as mean ± SEM. *<i>p</i><0.01, cell treated with Y27632 vs. untreated with Y27632.^†<i>p</i><0.05 perpendicular flow vs. static for Y27632-untreated group. ^#<i>p</i><0.05, perpendicular flow vs. static for Y27632-treated group.