The dependence of Dectin-1 cannot be recapitulated <i>in vitro.</i>

<p>(<b>A</b>) Cell wall biochemical composition of <i>in vitro</i> grown <i>C. albicans</i> SC5314 and ATCC18804 yeast cells, as indicated. (<b>B</b>) Relative binding of fluorescently-labelled live <i>C. albicans</i> yeast cells or zymosan (Zy) to C57BL/6 wild-type and <i>Clec7A^−/−</i> thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages, as indicated. (<b>C</b>) Measurement of TNF in culture supernatants from C57BL/6 wild type versus <i>Clec7A^−/−</i> peritoneal macrophages after stimulation with live <i>C. albicans</i> yeast cells or zymosan (Zy), as indicated. (<b>D</b>) Measurement of TNF and IL-6 responses from homozygous Y238X patients after stimulation with <i>C. albicans</i> yeast cells or heat-killed yeast (HK; strain ATCC MYA-3573), as indicated. <a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003315#s2" target="_blank">Results</a> were normalized to the treated cells from normal individuals. (<b>E</b>) Measurement of TNF responses from 129S/Sv wild type versus <i>Clec7A^−/−</i> peritoneal macrophages after stimulation with live <i>C. albicans</i> hyphae, as indicated. Data shown are means ± SEM of pooled data from at least two independent experiments, except for (<b>E</b>), which is the mean ± SD of a representative experiment.