Sex bias in infectious disease epidemiology: age-stratified male:female incidence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals computed from Brazilian compulsory-notification records and official demographic data (see Dataset S1).

<p>Instances of significantly sex-biased incidence are highlighted in <b>bold</b> typeface; the age range for each age class is given in years.</p>*<p>Significant male bias emerged when a few further cases were included in the calculations: IRR 1.47, 95%CI 1.12–1.94 (see text for details).</p>#<p>NE, not estimated.</p>†<p>Since only a few pediatric cases of lepromatous leprosy were recorded, for this analysis we added 1 to the number of cases and to the total population estimates for each year, and used also the cases reported in 2010.