Vpu-induced displacement of Tetherin from sites of viral assembly.

<p>(<b>A, B and D</b>) 293T cells stably expressing Tetherin-HA were transfected with HIV-1 proviral pNL4-3 plasmids encoding an MA-YFP-fusion protein (green) to label virions. The Vpu protein was either unaltered or mutated as indicated. Fixed, non-permeabilized cells were stained with α-HA to reveal surface Tetherin-HA protein (Alexa-594, red). Scale bars represents 3 µm. (<b>C</b>) A graph summarizing the quantification of colocalization at the PM between virions and WT Tetherin-HA or TetherinΔGI-T45I-HA. Each symbol represents the Pearson's correlation coefficient for an individual cell, and horizontal lines and error bars represent means and standard deviations for populations of cells. Colocalization was quantified in multiple regions of interest on the dorsal surface of each cell. The indicated p values were calculated using Student's two-tailed unpaired t test.