Summary of the possible anti-tumor mechanisms of Ching001.

<p>Rapid cell cycle progression is one of the features of the proliferated cancer cell. Inhibition of microtubule polymerization by Ching001 arrests M-phase cell cycle progression and leads to DNA damage. In addition, Ching001 treatment triggered activation of ER stress signaling pathway through the activation of PERK and caspase-4 signaling cascade. Prolonged M-phase arrest and activated ER stress signaling subsequently induce apoptosis in the cancer cell treated with Ching001.