CeO₂ and TiO₂ NP-primed DCs differentially modulate CD4⁺ T cells proliferation.

<p>Naïve CD4⁺ T cells were isolated and labeled with the division-sensitive dye, CFSE. (A) The CFSE-labeled T cells were then co-cultured for 5 days with immature DCs (iDCs; untreated), matured DCs (mDCs; treated overnight with TNFα and PGE₂), or NP treated DCs (24 hour treatment with the indicated nanomaterial described on the x-axis). (B) Thereafter, the cells were harvested and examined for proliferating (CFSE-low; left panel) and activated (CD4⁺CD25⁺; right panel) T cells by flow cytometry, n = 10. See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062816#pone.0062816.s004" target="_blank">Table S1</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062816#pone.0062816.s005" target="_blank">Table S2</a> for Tukey’s honest significance test for pairwise comparisons of each treatment.