Progression from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in young women.

<p>(<b>A</b>) The Venn diagram illustrates that there are 1015 genes differentially expressed (up- or down-regulated) in DCIS compared to normal, whereas 4873 genes differentially expressed in IDC compared to normal controls. 143 genes differentially regulated between IDC and DCIS (green circle). (<b>B</b>) The functional analysis of 16 potential progression genes identified through cross-species comparative genomics analysis. Y-axis indicates the significance (-log P value) of the functional association that is dependent on the number of genes in a class as well as biologic relevance. The threshold line represents a P value of 0.05. (<b>C</b>) Gene interaction networks and pathways analyses of 16-gene progression signature. Green/red indicates decreased/increased mRNA expression in IDC compared to normal controls. The color intensity is correlated with fold change. Straight lines are for direct gene to gene interactions, dashed lines are for indirect ones. (<b>D</b>) Invasive breast tumor cases (from TCGA, Nature 2012 <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0063204#pone.0063204-1" target="_blank">[30]</a>) displayed altered amplification/homozygous deletion/up-or down-regulation (RNA) or mutation in our 16-progression gene signature. Cases are denoted in columns, and genes in rows (gene symbols are listed on the left).