Cytokine levels in dengue virus infected patients classified according to the occurrence of plasma leakage/shock.

<p>A: IL-6: Levels in shock patients are significantly increased compared to patients with (P = 0,001) and without (P<0,0001) plasma leakage (KW P<0,0001, KW dengue groups P<0,0001). B: IL-8: No significant differences (KW P = 0,01, KW dengue groups P = 0,04). C: RANTES: Levels in shock patients are significantly decreased compared to patients with (P = 0,002) and without (P<0,0001) plasma leakage. Levels in all patient groups are significantly decreased compared to HC (No, PL and shock vs HC P<0,0001, KW P<0,0001, KW dengue groups P = 0,001). D: MCP-1: No significant differences (KW P = 0,162, KW dengue groups P = 0,17). E: HGF: Levels in patients with shock are significantly increased compared to patients with no plasma leakage (P = 0,001) (KW P = 0,001, KW dengue groups P = 0,001). F: EGF: Levels in shock patients are significantly decreased compared to patients without (P = 0,004) plasma leakage. Levels in all patient groups are significantly decreased compared to HC (No, PL and shock vs HC P<0,0001, KW P<0,0001, KW dengue groups P = 0,015). G: G-CSF: Levels in patients with shock are significantly elevated compared to patients without plasma leakage (P = 0,002, KW P = 0,01, KW dengue groups P = 0,004). Abbreviations: HC = healthy control, No = no occurrence of plasma leakage, PL = plasma leakage, KW = kruskal wallis. Horizontal bars inside the boxplot indicate the median. The box indicates the interquartile range. Black asterisk = significantly different from all other groups. Underlined black asterisk = significant difference between two groups. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the groups with each other.