PPARγ agonists induce JNK activation on primary hippocampal neurons.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Hippocampal neurons were treated with TGZ (10 µM) and RGZ (10 µM), in the presence or absence of SP (100 nM) for 72 h. After treatment neurons were fixed and double immunolabeled with anti-p-JNK (green) and anti-tau-1 (red) antibodies, respectively. Confocal images show that TZDs treatment increases p-JNK levels. (<b>B</b>) Representative images from neurons treated with TZDs, in the presence or absence of SP, double labeled with anti-p-JNK and anti-tau-1 antibodies. Inhibition of JNK using SP prevented the increase of p-JNK level induced by TGZ and RGZ, respectively. Representative images were taken from 4 independent experiments.