Isolation of a small-molecule inducer of autophagy in neurons.

<p>A, The structure of GTM-1. B–D, GTM-1 increases the spot intensity of LC3-GFP+ puncta. SH-SY5Y/LC3-GFP cells were treated with 20 µM GTM-1 for the indicated times (B) or with the indicated concentrations (C) for 24 hrs. The spot intensity of LC3-GFP+ puncta in SH-SY5Y/LC3-GFP cells treated with control vehicle at first time point (0 hr) was used as the negative control (NC). The image data were expressed as % of NC. For each treatment condition, 1000 cells were analyzed. The cells were imaged using a fluorescence microscope (D). E, SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with the indicated compounds for 24 hrs. The cell viability was assayed using the MTT assay. Aβ, Aβ42 (30 µM). Cells treated with vehicle (0.1% DMSO) were used as a negative control (NC).