Caspase-11 mediates inflammasome activation in response to a functional <i>Yersinia</i> type III secretion system.

<p>BMDMs from B6, <i>Casp1^−/−Casp11^−/−</i>, <i>Casp1^−/−</i>, or <i>Casp11^−/−</i> mice were primed with 0.05 µg/mL LPS for 4 hours and infected with type III secretion system-deficient <i>Y. pseudotuberculosis</i> (Δ<i>yopB</i> Yp), effectorless <i>Y. pseudotuberculosis</i> ΔHOJMEK (Δ6 Yp), or PBS (mock infection) or treated with 2.5 mm ATP for 4 hours. (<b>A</b>) Levels of IL-1α and IL-1β in the supernatants were measured by ELISA. (<b>B</b>) Cell death (% cytotoxicity) was measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release relative to Triton X-100-lysed cells. Graphs show the mean ± SEM of triplicate wells. Data are representative of two independent experiments. *** is p<0.001 and ** is p<0.01 by two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test. NS is not significant.