AGEs induce inflammatory signalings in human OA chondrocytes.

<p>Human OA chondrocytes (1×10⁶/ml) were incubated with AGEs (5–100 µg/ml) for 24 hours (A, C) or 0.5–24 hours (B, D). Protein expressions of COX-2 (A, B) and HMGB1 (C, D) were determined by Western blotting. Densitometric analysis for COX-2 and HMGB1 levels corrected to α-tubulin is shown. All data are presented as mean ± SEM for three independent experiments. *: P<0.05 versus control.