Multiple virulence factors are deployed by <i>Saprolegnia parasitica</i> and an overview of oomycete phylogeny.

<p>(A) Schematic representation of a <i>Saprolegnia parasitica</i> hypha (light blue) deploying virulence factors against a fish cell (salmon color). SpHtp1 is translocated inside the host cell, and other factors are secreted to the cell surface (lectins [green circles]) or the extracellular space (proteases [red circles], CHAPs [pink triangles], toxins [HlyE, which presumably targets the host membrane, green bolts] and nucleases [purple squares]). B. An overview of oomycete phylogeny. The main genera are displayed with the plant pathogenic lineages in green, animal parasites in red, and saprophytes in blue. Some genera, such as <i>Pythium</i> and <i>Aphanomyces</i>, include both plant and animal parasitic species. The early branching <i>Eurychasma</i> is an obligate pathogen of marine brown algae.