Inhibition of the HMGB-induced inflammatory response by endogenous catecholamines and glucocorticoids at physiological concentrations.

<p>RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with cortisol (0.7 µM), noradrenaline (0.5 ng/ml), adrenaline (0.5 ng/ml), dexamethasone (1 µM) and salbutamol (1 µM) and exposed to HMGB1 (5 µg/ml) for 18 hours. TNFα secretion was measured in the supernatant. (^§p<0.05 HMGB1-treated group compared to vehicle treated control, *p<0.05 compared to HMGB1 group, ^#p<0.05 cells treated with all compounds in combination versus treated with a combination of two.).