Salsalate, salicylate, and full-length adiponectin attenuate palmitate-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells.

<p>(A and B) HepG2 cells were incubated with 250 µM palmitate (P) and 10 mM salsalate (S) or without salsalate for 24 hrs. (C) HepG2 cells were incubated with 250 µM palmitate (P) and 10 mM salicylate (Sa) or without salicylate for 24 hrs. IRS-1 and Akt phosphorylation was measured by Western blot analysis. (D and E) HepG2 cells were incubated with different concentrations of fAd for 24 hr or fAd (30 µg/ml) for different time periods. HepG2 cells were incubated with 250 µM palmitate (P) and fAd (Ad) or without fAd for 24 hrs. AMPK, IRS-1, and Akt phosphorylations and SeP expression were determined by Western blot analysis. Insulin (10 nM) was used to stimulate IRS-1 and Akt for 3 min. Means ± SEMs were calculated from the results of three independent experiments.