PES inhibits NF-κB nuclear translocation, IκB-α degradation, and NF-κB phosphorylation in LPS-stimulated liver.

<p>(A) Pretreatment with PES (5 mg/kg) significantly reduced NF-κB nuclear translocation (left part: cytoplasm; right part: nucleus) in LPS-stimulated (0.25 mg/kg) liver. (B, C) Quantitative analysis of NF-κB expression in the cytoplasm (B) and nucleus (C) after PES administration, n = 8, *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01 vs. control or PES alone group. (D) Quantitative analysis of the effect of PES on NF-κB binding to its promoter DNA in liver, n = 6, *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01 vs. control or PES alone-treated group. (E) Representative images showing that PES suppressed IκB-α degradation in LPS-stimulated liver. (F) Quantitative analysis of the effect of PES (5 mg/kg) on IκB-α degradation in LPS-stimulated liver, n = 8, *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01 vs. control mice. (G) Upper: representative images showing that PES down-regulated LPS-induced NF-κB phosphorylation level. Lower: quantitative analysis of the effect of PES on LPS-induced NF-κB phosphorylation in liver, n = 8, *<i>P</i><0.05, vs. control mice. All data were shown as mean ± SE. NS: no significance.