Analysis of intestinal paracellular permeability in the established model.

<p>(A) Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of intestinal tissues. At 12 h after instillation of saline (control), <i>V. cholerae</i> (10⁷ CFU/loop), or cholera toxin (CT, 1 µg/loop) into ileal loops, intestinal tissues were measured for TEER using Ussing chamber systems. Data were expressed as mean ± S.E. (n = 5 mice per group) NS, non-statistical difference compared with control. (B) <i>In vivo</i> measurements of intestinal paracellular permeability using FITC-dextran assays. At 12 h after instillation of saline (control), <i>V. cholerae</i> (10⁷ CFU/loop) or cholera toxin (CT, 1 µg/loop) into ileal loops, intestinal fluid was removed and replaced with FITC-dextran (molecular weight of 4.4 kDa). Thirty min thereafter, blood was taken by cardiac puncture for analysis of serum FITC-dextran level. Data were expressed as mean ± S.E. (n = 4–8 mice per group). NS, non-statistical difference compared with control.