Primary cilia loss correlates with greater nuclear β-catenin in normal.

<p>(A) Immunohistochemistry (IHC) images of β-catenin staining in normal prostate, demonstrate a lack of β-catenin localization in basal cells (blue nuclei, black arrows; left). Basal cells were identified based on position, morphology, and cytokeratin 5 (CK5) staining in the adjoining serial section (white arrows; right). The lumen (Lum) and stroma (Strm) are labeled. IHC images show different levels and spatial distributions of β-catenin staining in (B) PIN, (C) cancer, and (D) perineural invasion. (E) Graphs display percent ciliated cells versus β-catenin nuclear score. Scattergraphs were plotted per location for normal, PIN, cancer, and perineural invasion tissue. For normal, basal cells (green) and luminal cells (blue) are shown. For PIN, cancer and perineural invasion, all epithelial/cancer cells are plotted red. High nuclear β-catenin was defined as the 75^th percentile of normal, denoted by the dotted line, and was used to compare normal to PIN, cancer and perineural cells. Percentages represent the locations with high nuclear β-catenin. Statistical analysis was performed using linear regression and included all of the data points, and comparisons to normal basal cells are denoted with p, and comparisons to normal luminal cells are denoted with p*.