Illustration of top two pathways and related genes restored by nicotine in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of HIV-1Tg rats.

<p>Restored genes and pathways in saline-treated (HIV_Sal, left panel) and nicotine-treated (HIV_Nic, right panel) HIV-1Tg rats are shown. Compared with saline-treated F344 (F344_Sal) control rats, genes shown in red were increased, those shown in green were decreased, and those in gray had similar mRNA expression. APC, adenomatous polyposis coli; AXIN1, Axin-1; EPHB1, Eph receptor B1; Frizzled, frizzled receptor; GNAO1, guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha; GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor; GSK, glycogen synthase kinase; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, LRP5/6, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein; MAPK8IP2, mitogen-activated protein kinase 8-interacting protein 2; RAC1, ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1; RHO, rhodopsin; SRC, v-src sarcoma; TCF, transcription factor; WNT5A, wingless-related MMTV integration site 5A; WNT7A, wingless-type MMTV integration site 7A.