Pathological changes of the subcellular structure of the <i>S</i><i>. henanense</i> hepatopancreas exposed to Cd.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Normal hepatopancreatic cell nucleus. Bar = 5 µm. (<b>B</b>) Normal mitochondria with a matrix of moderate electron density. Bar = 500 nm. (<b>C</b>) Mitochondria were damaged in the 7.12-mg/L Cd group. Mitochondria showed a matrix with low electron density and discontinuous membrane (➨). Primary lysosomes were seen (⇧). Bar = 500 nm. (<b>D</b>) Mitochondria were damaged in the 14.25-mg/L Cd group. The majority of mitochondria maintained their structure, but with a swollen matrix, reduction of the matrix density, shortening of the cristae, and rupture of a subset of the mitochondrial membrane (➨). Cristae disappeared and double-membrane vesicles were noted (✰) in severely damaged mitochondria. Bar = 500 nm. (<b>E</b>) Apoptotic cell in the 14.25-mg/L group. Chromatin was aggregated under the karyolemma and apoptotic bodies formed. Several morphologically normal mitochondria were seen. Almost all mitochondria turned into vesicles, and other organelles also disappeared. Bar = 2 µm. (<b>F</b>) Shows the autolysosomes and mitochondrion in two cells of the 14.25-mg/L Cd group. Bar = 2 µm. (<b>G</b>) Nucleus of a necrotic cell in the 28.49-mg/L group. The nuclear membrane was ruptured (<b>←</b>) and most organelles were disappeared. Bar = 500 nm. (<b>H</b>) Damaged RER and Mit in the 14.25-mg/L group. Bar = 500 nm (Ly: lysosome; Lip: lipid; Mit: mitochondria; N: nucleus; RER: rough endoplasmic reticulum).