Androgen induces TCTP expression <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.

<p><b>A.</b><b> </b> LNCaP cells were either left untreated or treated with the synthetic androgen R1881 (10⁻⁸ M) for the indicated times. Total RNA was isolated and qPCR analyses were performed. <i>TCTP</i> mRNA expression was normalized to <i>GAPDH</i>. The graph illustrates one representative experiment performed in triplicate with error bars indicating ±SEM, the expression levels are relative to cells treated without androgen (set to 1). The experiment was repeated more than three times <b>B.</b> Western analyses were performed on whole cell extracts made from cells treated in the absence or presence of R1881 (10⁻⁸ M) for the indicated time points. The expression levels were normalized to GAPDH. The values presented are relative to untreated samples (set to 1). The graph illustrates data from two experiments performed in triplicate with error bars illustrating ±SEM. <b>C.</b> CWR22 xenografts were grown in nude mice and tumor samples were collected either before (t = 0) or 1, 2 and 4 weeks after castration. Total cell extracts were made and used for western blot analyses. The figure shows one representative blot for TCTP and GAPDH, with relative values of TCTP (t = 0 set to 1) normalized to GAPDH. The differences between the groups were evaluated using two-tailed, paired Student’s t-test compared to non-treated samples, with P<0.05 being considered as significant. Significance is indicated by asterisks; one asterisk indicates P<0.05, two asterisks indicate P<0.01.