Defining the risk of human exposure to Australian bat lyssavirus through potential non-bat animal infection

Human infection with Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV) was first reported in November 1996, six months after the first identification of the virus in a flying fox in May 1996. Only two human cases of ABLV infection have been described to date, although hundreds of potential human exposures to ABLV have been reported. Current public health guidance considers the risk of transmission of ABLV from a dog or cat to a person is very low. Furthermore, owners are advised that although the animal has a remote possibility of being infected with ABLV, it should be observed closely for at least three months and to report any behavioural changes that occur. The authors present two cases where the behaviour of dogs after potential exposure to ABLV posed significant questions for veterinary and public health authorities