Hydrogen Bonding in the Prism Face of Ice <i>I</i>_<i>h</i> via Sum Frequency Vibrational Spectroscopy

The prism face of single crystal ice <i>I</i>_<i>h</i> has been studied using sum frequency vibrational spectroscopy focusing on identification of resonances in the hydrogen-bonded region. Several modes have been observed at about 3400 cm^–1; each mode is both polarization and orientation dependent. The polarization capabilities of sum frequency generation (SFG) are used in conjunction with the crystal orientation to characterize three vibrational modes. These modes are assigned to three-coordinated water molecules in the top-half bilayer having different bonding and orientation motifs