TLR7 and TLR9 antagonist blocks transient IFN-α production by pDC in lymph nodes without suppressing recruitment.

<p>(A) Percent of pDC in lymph nodes (left) and percent of pDC labeling with antibody to BrdU (right) in untreated (n = 5) and DV056-treated (n = 4) macaques. Horizontal lines represent means. **<i>P</i><.01. (B) Immunofluorescence of lymph node sections taken from naive and SIV-infected macaques with and without DV056 treatment at days 14 and 56 post infection stained with antibody to IFN-α or TNF-α (red) and co-stained with Hoescht dye (blue) to identify nuclei. Insets in naïve tissue sections represent immunofluorescence after labeling with isotype control antibody. Insets in SIV-infected sections show higher magnification images to highlight details of individual cells. Original magnification 400×. (C) Frequency of IFN-α and TNF-α producing cells in paracortex and parafollicular cortex from naive macaques (n = 2) and macaques at day 14 and 56 post infection with (n = 4 for IFN-α, n = 3 for TNF-α) and without (n = 5 for IFN-α, n = 3 for TNF-α) DV056 treatment. **<i>P</i><.01. (D) Immunofluorescence of lymph nodes from untreated and DV056-treated macaques at day 14 post infection stained with antibody against CD123, CD1a or CD163 (green) and IFN-α or TNF-α (red) and co-stained with Hoescht dye (blue). Arrowheads indicate cells co-labeling with cytokine- and cell-specific markers. Original magnification 400×.