Soluble and cleaved form of uPAR differently modulates chemotactic activity and HIV expression by conditioned microenvironments.

<p>Chemotaxis of chronically infected monocytic cells was tested (n = 3) in response to: A. tonsil culture medium (TCM) and TCM added of recombinant stimuli or purified c-suPAR and suPAR <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0070606#pone.0070606-Masucci1" target="_blank">[76]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0070606#pone.0070606-Fazioli1" target="_blank">[77]</a>; B. conditioned supernatant from uninfected tonsils (Nil-c), R5 infected tonsils (R5-c) and X4 infected tonsils (X4-c) immunodepleted with either control immunoglobulins (IP w Ig) or polyclonal anti-human uPAR Ab (IP w M2) <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0070606#pone.0070606-Resnati1" target="_blank">[47]</a> or M2-depleted supernatants reconstituted with 100 ng/ml of purified c-suPAR or suPAR. Migrated cells toward TCM was 25±9 (n = 3). HIV-1 expression from U1 cells was tested (n = 3) by cultivating them with the same stimuli and conditions used and described for chemotaxis assay (panels C-D). Gray squares in panel D represent the value of input virus in the conditioned supernatants at the end of the 4 days of culture. CM from <i>ex vivo</i> uninfected and infected tonsils were collected after 9 days of histoculture. Vertical and horizontal bars represent mean and SEM. Two-tailed paired T test was used for statistical analysis, and p values are indicated by asterisks (* = 0.01–0.05; ** = 0.001–0.01; *** = <0.001).