Efficient induction of EMT promotes invasion and the expression of genes required to maintain CICs.

<p>Monolayer and 3D A549 cultures were left alone (No Add) or treated with TNF and TGFβ (TNF/TGF) for ninety-six hours. (A) Cells were disaggregated and subsequently subjected to migration and invasion assays. (B and C) Expression of invasion (<i>MMP-9, LOX, COL22A1</i>) and stem cell markers (<i>KLF4, Sox2, POU5F1, MYCN, and KIT</i>) was measured by QRT-PCR. Results in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0068597#pone-0068597-g003" target="_blank">Figure 3</a> are calculated mean ± S.D, *p<0.05, N = 3. Results from 3B and 3C were normalized to <i>GAPDH</i>.