<p>To compare the magnitude of the satiety effect to the magnitude of the mean response, we plotted the responses of all dopamine neurons showing a cue-elicited phasic burst. (<b>a</b>) The phasic response to the cue of increasing DA neurons (<i>n</i> = 19) was higher for the second half of FT60 sessions than it was for the first half. Decreasing DA neurons (<i>n</i> = 74) showed the opposite pattern. The phasic response of unmodulated neurons (<i>n</i> = 35) did not change over time. Modulation of the phasic response was reduced by pre-feeding (<b>b</b>; <i>n</i> = 5 increasing, 15 decreasing, 19 unmodulated) and eliminated during extinction (<b>c</b>; <i>n</i> = 2 increasing, 2 decreasing, 18 unmodulated). The phasic response of increasin...
In order to analyse the functions of dopamine, the effects of the iontophoretic application of dopam...
<div><p>(A1) A brief, high-amplitude (solid line), or slow, low-amplitude (dashed line) dopamine ele...
<p>(A) The DA response in the presence of constant low cholinergic and glutamatergic afferent input ...
<p>GABA neurons show the same pattern of modulation as DA neurons. (<b>a</b>) The phasic response to...
<p>To compare the basal activity and mean responses between the classes we examined the responses of...
<p>of the response of a dopamine neuron to the cue in FT60 (<b>a</b>), pre-feed (<b>b</b>), and exti...
<p>(<b>a</b>) Activity of neurons that increased following reward cue normalized to the maximum firi...
Dopaminergic neurons in a range of species are responsive to sensory stimuli. In the anesthetized pr...
<p>(<b>A</b>) Dopaminergic neurons show a typical I<sub>h</sub> current when the membrane is hyperpo...
<p>(A) Summary histogram of the mean minimal stimulation threshold current required to evoke an EPSP...
Unexpected, biologically salient stimuli elicit a short-latency, phasic response in midbrain dopamin...
<p>(A) Left panels, peri-event rasters and histograms of two simultaneously recorded VTA neurons (un...
<p>A) Representative traces of EPSPs under baseline conditions (black trace) and following bath appl...
The latest animal neurophysiology has revealed that the dopamine reward prediction error signal driv...
Activity changes in a large subset of midbrain dopamine neurons fulfill numerous assumptions of lear...
In order to analyse the functions of dopamine, the effects of the iontophoretic application of dopam...
<div><p>(A1) A brief, high-amplitude (solid line), or slow, low-amplitude (dashed line) dopamine ele...
<p>(A) The DA response in the presence of constant low cholinergic and glutamatergic afferent input ...
<p>GABA neurons show the same pattern of modulation as DA neurons. (<b>a</b>) The phasic response to...
<p>To compare the basal activity and mean responses between the classes we examined the responses of...
<p>of the response of a dopamine neuron to the cue in FT60 (<b>a</b>), pre-feed (<b>b</b>), and exti...
<p>(<b>a</b>) Activity of neurons that increased following reward cue normalized to the maximum firi...
Dopaminergic neurons in a range of species are responsive to sensory stimuli. In the anesthetized pr...
<p>(<b>A</b>) Dopaminergic neurons show a typical I<sub>h</sub> current when the membrane is hyperpo...
<p>(A) Summary histogram of the mean minimal stimulation threshold current required to evoke an EPSP...
Unexpected, biologically salient stimuli elicit a short-latency, phasic response in midbrain dopamin...
<p>(A) Left panels, peri-event rasters and histograms of two simultaneously recorded VTA neurons (un...
<p>A) Representative traces of EPSPs under baseline conditions (black trace) and following bath appl...
The latest animal neurophysiology has revealed that the dopamine reward prediction error signal driv...
Activity changes in a large subset of midbrain dopamine neurons fulfill numerous assumptions of lear...
In order to analyse the functions of dopamine, the effects of the iontophoretic application of dopam...
<div><p>(A1) A brief, high-amplitude (solid line), or slow, low-amplitude (dashed line) dopamine ele...
<p>(A) The DA response in the presence of constant low cholinergic and glutamatergic afferent input ...