Parameters for three biological systems can be estimated from the Pareto front.

<p>Three examples of biological systems that can be modeled by an integral feedback circuit agree with the model's prediction. In all, the curve is the Pareto front in the case of a rare input change; the point represents the specific values for each example. (a) in the heat Shock system (b) the DNA damage repair system of <i>E. coli</i>, and (c) in the regulation system of the calcium in dairy cows. Values for heat shock and calcium systems were estimated independently and showed good agreement with the theory. In the SOS DNA repair system (b) we fitted using the model the value of the basal input () by knowing the time scale () and set-point () of the system, which provides an estimate of the basal level of DNA damage in the absence of a DNA repair system. In all the data sets the error bars represent different estimates of the values.