Disease resistance in transgenic 35S::Thi2.4 plants to <i>F.</i><i>graminearum</i> and F. sporotrichioides.

<p>Photographs of representative leaves (A–D, I–L) and flower buds (F, G, N, O) in wild type (WT) (A, C, F, I, K, N) and transgenic plants (35S::Thi2.4) (B, D, G, J, L, O) at 3 dpi. <i>F. graminearum</i> (A–H) and <i>F. sporotrichioides</i> (I–P). (A, B, F, G, I, J, N, O) Scale bars: 1 cm. (C, D, K, L) Trypan blue staining of <i>F. graminearum</i>-inoculated leaves. (C, D, K, L) Scale bars: 100 µm. (E, H, M, P) Relative values of disease symptoms in <i>F. graminearum</i> (n = 12) and <i>F. sporotrichioides</i> inoculated leaves (n = 12). These data shown are representative. The bars show disease severity. (E, M) Blue (class 1): normal. Purple (class 2): leaf has turned black. Green (class 3): partial hyphae. Red (class 4): expanded aerial hyphae. (H, P) Orange (class A): normal. Pink (class B): aerial mycelium visible on flower. Yellow (class C): drying of flowers. Brown (class D): stem constriction within flower head. The asterisks indicate significant differences from the wild type (*P<0.05, based on Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test).