mRNA expression of <i>C. elegans</i> pde genes, daf-11 gene and pkg-1 gene on the basis of qRT-PCR analysis.

<p>Animals were grown to adult stage (72 h) under normal conditions on NGM plates at 22°C. 500–1000 worms were harvested and processed for RNA extraction by freeze-crack and thus qRT-PCR analysis was conducted in order to determine background gene regulation in the cGMP-signaling pathway. Gene expression of <b>A</b> the daf-11, <b>B</b> the pkg-1 and <b>C</b> the pde-quadruple mutant background. Data shown are means ± SEM of 3 to 8 independent experiments normalized on wild-type level. Data have been normalized to the geometric mean of two housekeeping genes Y45F10D.4 and pmp3 chosen. P-values were calculated by means of one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test with ***: p-value≤0.001; *: p-value≤0.05. Please note the different scales of panel A–C. Dashed lines depict 2-fold increase or decrease in mRNA expression compared to wild-type.