EMT enhanced by p53 knockdown is abrogated by inhibition of β-catenin pathway.

<p>Wild type or p53-silenced (p53KD) PVTT-1 cells were treated with or without insulin (10 μg/ml) and/or TGF-β1 (5 ng/ml) for 48 h before harvesting for immunoblotting using the antibodies as indicated. The cells were either overexpressed with ICAT <b>(A</b>) or treated with 1 µM of XAV939 for 48 h (<b>B</b>). The morphological changes of liver cancer cells were also analyzed (<b>C</b>). The cells were fixed and subjected to immunofluorescence staining to detect expression of E-cadherin, Snail and vimentin (red). The nuclei were stained with Hoechest 33342 (blue). The pictures of bright field were also shown.