The roles of TNF-α in SE-induced vasogenic edema in the PC.

<p>(<b>A</b>) The extracellular TNF-α concentration after SE (mean ± s.d., n = 5): *P < 0.05 versus the basal level; paired Student’s t-test. (<b>B</b> and <b>C</b>) Quantification of western blots for TNF-α protein expression and p65-Thr435 NFκB phosphorylation 12 h after SE (means ± s.e.m., n = 5, respectively); *P < 0.05 by Student’s t-test. (<b>D</b>–<b>I</b>) Immunofluorescence data for TNFp75R, p65-Thr435 NFκB phosphorylation and SMI-71 12 h after SE. (<b>J</b>–<b>K</b>) Effects of TNFp55R and SN50 on p65-Thr435 NF-κB phosphorylation and SMI-71 immunoreactivity. (<b>L</b>–<b>M</b>) Quantification of the fluorescence intensities of SMI-71 expression and p65-Thr435 NFκB phosphorylation 12 h after SE (means ± s.e.m., n = 5, respectively); *P < 0.05 versus non-SE animals; #P < 0.05 versus vehicle-treated animals; one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s test. (<b>N</b>–<b>Q</b>) Quantification of vasogenic edema attenuation by sTNFp55R and SN50 3 days after SE (means ± s.e.m., n = 5, respectively); *P < 0.05 versus vehicle treated animals by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. Scale bars: <b>D–K</b>, 25 μm; <b>O-Q</b>, 400 μm.