Morphology of the implants.

<p>A: Non-aligned electrospun collagen fibers constructed by electrospinning without dual plate device. B: Aligned electrospun collagen fibers were produced, using gap collector. C: Aligned internal architecture of the polymerized collagen fibers in the gel. D: The composition of the collagen implant at a larger magnification. E and F: Transverse section of the collagen implant after crosslinking. Most of the implant is filled with the polymerized collagen fibers while little porosity exists between these fibers. G: Surface of the collagen implant after crosslinking. H–J: Surface of the polydioxanone sheath. Note that there is no porosity in the external and internal architecture of the polydioxanone sheath. K: Circular polydioxanone sheath. L: Polydioxanone plate was melted and wrapped around the collagen implant to produce a collagen-PDS scaffold. PDS sheath could be seen at periphery while the collagen implant is seen in the center.