Nonhost pathogen- and PAMP-mediated hypersensitive response cell death in <i>SlJAZs</i>-silenced <i>N. benthamiana</i> plants.

<p>(<b>A</b>) HR cell death induced by nonhost pathogen <i>P. syringae</i> pv. <i>tomato</i> T1 and <i>A. tumefaciens</i> carrying INF1 on control and <i>SlJAZs</i>-silenced <i>N. benthamiana</i> leaves. The control (TRV::<i>GFP</i>) and <i>SlJAZs</i>-silenced (TRV::<i>SlJAZ2</i>, TRV::<i>SlJAZ6</i> and TRV::<i>SlJAZ7</i>) <i>N. benthamiana</i> leaves were syringe-inoculated with nonhost pathogen <i>P. syringae</i> pv. <i>tomato</i> T1 (5×10⁷ CFU/ml) and <i>A. tumefaciens</i> that can express <i>INF1 in planta</i>. The photographs were taken at 24 hours (<i>Pst</i> T1) and 3 days (INF1) after inoculation. Ion leakage from control and <i>SlJAZs</i>-silenced <i>N. benthamiana</i> leaves after inoculation with nonhost pathogen <i>P. syringae</i> pv. <i>tomato</i> T1 (<b>B</b>) and <i>A. tumefaciens</i> that can express <i>INF1 in planta</i> (<b>C</b>). Values show the percentage of total ions. Vertical bars indicate the standard error for three independent experiments. <i>Asterisks</i> indicate a significant difference from the control (<i>GFP</i>) using a <i>t-test</i> (* = <i>P</i><0.05).