Dependence of TGF-β1 induced Smad2 phosphorylation on TRPV1 activation.

<p>Cells were treated with, DMSO, CPZ or SB431542 for 60 min or 2 mM EGTA for 15 min prior to exposure to TGF-β1. SMAD2 and p-SMAD2 were detected in Western blots. <b>A</b>. Cells were lysed after 30 min. <b>B</b>. Cells were lysed after 16 h. <b>C</b>. HCFs were transfected with either scrambled siRNA or TRPV1 siRNA and after 24 h were treated with TGF-β1 for 30 min. Graphs represent the average and standard error ratios p-SMAD2/SMAD2 ratios of three independent experiments, relative to the ratios obtained in the TGF-β1-only experiments, which have been arbitrarily set at 100%.