Inhibition of TuMV intercellular movement by dominant negative mutants of secretory pathway factors.

<p><i>N. benthamiana</i> leaves were agroinfiltrated with <i>A. tumefaciens</i> containing plasmids pCambiaTuMV/6K₂:mCherry//GFP-HDEL alone (A) or with dominant negative mutant ARF1(NI) (B) or with RAB-E1d (NI) (C). All images were taken at 4 dpinf. Left panel, red fluorescence channel imaging TuMV producing 6K₂:mCherry; middle panel, green fluorescence channel imaging GFP-HDEL; and right panel, merged images. Scale bar = 200 µm. (D) Surface area of red-only fluorescent foci was calculated and expressed in fluorescence units. (E) Fluorescence intensity ratio of red over green foci was calculated and expressed in fluorescence units. Bars represent means and standard errors for 20 replicates per treatment. One-way analysis of variance calculation followed by Tukey's Multiple Comparison Test allowed analysis of differences between means: ***, P value<0.0001.