MLVA Genotyping of <i>Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus</i> Isolates from Different Animal Species and Humans and Identification of <i>Brucella suis</i> Vaccine Strain S2 from Cattle in China

<div><p>In China, brucellosis is an endemic disease and the main sources of brucellosis in animals and humans are infected sheep, cattle and swine. <i>Brucella melitensis</i> (biovars 1 and 3) is the predominant species, associated with sporadic cases and outbreak in humans. Isolates of <i>B. abortus</i>, primarily biovars 1 and 3, and <i>B. suis</i> biovars 1 and 3 are also associated with sporadic human brucellosis. In this study, the genetic profiles of <i>B. melitensis</i> and <i>B. abortus</i> isolates from humans and animals were analyzed and compared by multi-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA). Among the <i>B. melitensis</i> isolates, the majority (74/82) belonged to MLVA8 genotype 42, clustering in the ‘East Mediterranean’ group. Two <i>B. melitensis</i> biovar 1 genotype 47 isolates, belonging to the ‘Americas’ group, were recovered; both were from the Himalayan blue sheep (<i>Pseudois nayaur</i>, a wild animal). The majority of <i>B. abortus</i> isolates (51/70) were biovar 3, genotype 36. Ten <i>B. suis</i> biovar 1 field isolates, including seven outbreak isolates recovered from a cattle farm in Inner Mongolia, were genetically indistinguishable from the vaccine strain S2, based on MLVA cluster analysis. MLVA analysis provided important information for epidemiological trace-back. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to associate <i>Brucella</i> cross-infection with the vaccine strain S2 based on molecular comparison of recovered isolates to the vaccine strain. MLVA typing could be an essential assay to improve brucellosis surveillance and control programs.</p>