Glucose deprivation (GD) induces neuronal cell death.

<p>Time course of cell viability and cell death after GD was estimated by MTT and LDH assays, respectively. Bars depict rates of MTT reduction (A) and LDH release (B) time dependent manner after GD. MTT data represent relative percentages compared with controls (<i>*p<0.05</i>, <i>**p<0.001,</i> n = 3). LDH release from neuro2a cells was calculated as fold increase from the LDH release in controls (<i>*p<0.01</i>, <i>**p<0.001,</i> n = 3). (C) Levels of LC3 and p62 expression, cleaved-caspase 3 and PARP cleavage were determined at indicated times after GD by immunoblot analysis. Tubulin was used as loading control. (D) Quantitative analyses of the immunoblots are shown in (C). The amount of each protein was normalized against the amount of tubulin. Data represent the mean ± SD for each condition (<i>*p<0.05</i>, <i>**p<0.001,</i> n = 3).