PMA and Io induce GBM cell apoptosis.

<p>Apoptotic cells were examined 48/or Io treatment in U87 and U251 cells. (A, B) Quantitative analysis of the apoptotic cells after treatment with PMA and/or Io; apoptotic cells were determined by the TUNEL assay. The graphs are representative of three independent experiments. (C–H) Representative photomicrograph (5000×) of U87 cells (C–E) and U251 cells (F–H) using transmission electron microscopy. In the control groups (C, F), the nuclear shape is normal and the nucleolus is clear. In contrast, nuclear shape changes, and condensation of chromatin and nuclear fragmentation can be observed in treated cells (D, E, G, H). *<i>P</i><0.05 (compared with the control).