The induction of LTP increases neuronal differentiation of exogenous NSCs transplanted into the CA1 region.

<p>(<i>A)</i> Schematic representation of the experimental design. (<i>B</i>) NMDAR-dependent LTP in the hippocampal CA1 region was reliably induced by HFS of the Schaffer collateral inputs in anesthetized rats. Left: Representative traces of fEPSP were averages of individual recordings taken before and after the establishment of LTP. Right: Systemic application of the competitive NMDAR antagonist CPP prevented the induction of LTP (CPP+HFS), without affecting basal level of fEPSP (0.05 Hz+CPP). (<i>C</i>) Representative images from coronal sections show LTP (LTP) enhanced the total GFP (green)-positive cells in the CA1 compared with the control group (0.05 Hz+ saline). Bar graph below summarizes data from each group of rats. LTP increased the total numbers of transplanted NSCs. (<i>D</i>) Representative images from coronal sections double-stained for GFP and NeuN showing LTP (LTP) increased numbers of NeuN-positive (red) NSCs (green) in the CA1 region, compared with the control group (0.05 Hz+ saline). Bar graph below summarizing data of LTP enhancement of neuronal differentiation. *p<0.05, n = 7, 7, 10, and 8. Statistical analyses were performed with One Way ANOVA. <i>Post hoc</i> testing revealed a significant difference between the pre-conditioning LTP group and other three groups. Data are mean ± SEM.