Expression of pro-angiogenic/anti-islet cytokines in subcutaneous implants in diabetic mice.

<p>The expression of IL-1β (<b>A</b>), lymphotactin (<b>B</b>), MCP-1 (<b>C</b>), MCP-5 (<b>D</b>), M-CSF (<b>E</b>), RANTES (<b>F</b>), TARC (<b>G</b>) and TNF-α (<b>H</b>) protein in hydrogels explanted at 1 (black bars), 2 (grey bars) and 6 weeks (white bars) was normalized to the levels in the collagen hydrogel at their respective time point (<i>n</i>=3 each). <i>P</i>-values in (A): *<i>p</i>=0.05 vs. collagen-chitosan+CAC at 1 week; and ^<b>†</b><i>p</i>≤0.003. In (B): *<i>p</i>=0.03 vs. collagen+CAC at 1 week; **<i>p</i>=0.04 vs. collagen at 2 weeks; and ^<b>†</b><i>p</i>≤0.02. In (C): *<i>p</i>=0.04 vs. collagen at 1 week; **<i>p</i>=0.003 vs. collagen at 1 week; ***<i>p</i>≤0.01 vs. collagen and collagen+CAC hydrogels at 2 weeks; ****<i>p</i>=0.01 vs. collagen and collagen+CAC at 6 weeks; and ^<b>†</b><i>p</i>≤0.006 vs. collagen+CAC at 2 and 6 weeks. In (D): ^<b>†</b><i>p</i>=0.04. In (E): *<i>p</i>≤0.04 vs. all other hydrogels at 1 week; **<i>p</i>≤0.003 vs. all other hydrogels at 2 weeks; ***<i>p</i>=0.02 vs. collagen at 6 weeks; and ^<b>†</b><i>p</i>≤0.02. In (F): *<i>p</i>=0.009 vs. collagen+CAC at 1 week; **<i>p</i>≤0.01 vs. collagen and collagen+CAC at 2 weeks; ^<b>†</b><i>p</i>=0.04; and ^{<b>††</b>}<i>p</i>≤0.02. In (G): *<i>p</i>≤0.02 vs. all other implants at 1 week; ^<b>†</b><i>p</i>≤0.007; ^{<b>††</b>}<i>p</i>=0.03; and ^{<b>†††</b>}<i>p</i>≤0.008.