Expression of pro-angiogenic/pro-islet cytokines in subcutaneous implants in diabetic mice.

<p>The expression of GM-CSF (<b>A</b>), SCF (<b>B</b>), SDF-1α (<b>C</b>), VCAM-1 (<b>D</b>) and VEGF (<b>E</b>) protein in hydrogels explanted at 1 (black bars), 2 (grey bars) and 6 weeks (white bars) was normalized to the levels in the collagen hydrogel at their respective time point (<i>n</i>=3 each). <i>P</i>-values in (A): *<i>p</i>=0.007 and <i>p</i>=0.04 vs. 1 week collagen-chitosan and collagen-chitosan+CAC implants, respectively; ^<b>†</b><i>p</i>=0.02; ^{<b>††</b>}<i>p</i>=0.005; and ^{<b>†††</b>}<i>p</i><0.05). In (B): *<i>p</i>≤0.004 vs. collagen+CAC and collagen-chitosan+CAC implants at 1 week; ^<b>†</b><i>p</i>=0.002; and ^{<b>††</b>}<i>p</i>=0.01. In (C): *<i>p</i>=0.01 vs. collagen+CAC at 1 week. In (D): *<i>p</i>=0.01 vs. collagen at 2 weeks; **<i>p</i>=0.004 vs. collagen+CAC at 6 weeks; ***<i>p</i>=0.0002 vs. collagen+CAC at 6 weeks. In (E): *<i>p</i>≤0.007 vs. collagen+CAC and collagen-chitosan+CAC at 1 week; and ^<b>†</b><i>p</i>=0.03.