Metabolic responses to high-fat feeding in KLF15-deficient versus control mice.

<p>Male mice were placed on a high-fat diet (HFD; 60% kcal from fat) at 3-4 months of age. <b>A</b>. <b>Body composition</b>. Body weight (n=11-12) and whole-body fat mass (n=5-6) in wild-type (WT) and <i>KLF15</i>^<i>-/-</i> (KO) mice were measured immediately prior to (chow) and 13 weeks after the start of HFD. Right panels indicate change in body weight and fat mass during 13 week HFD period. <b>B</b>. <b>Metabolic cage analysis</b>. Assessment of food intake, physical activity, O₂ consumption and CO₂ production immediately prior to (chow) and 12 weeks after the start of HFD (n=6). <b>C</b>. <b>Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp study</b>. Clamp procedure was performed after 14 weeks of HFD. Top (left to right): basal plasma insulin levels after an overnight fast, basal plasma glucose levels after an overnight fast, glucose infusion rate during the insulin clamp. Bottom (left to right): basal hepatic glucose production (HGP) after an overnight fast (prior to insulin stimulation), hepatic glucose production during the insulin clamp, and insulin-stimulated whole-body glucose turnover (peripheral glucose uptake; n=5; results are representative of two individual experiments). <b>D</b>. <b>Hepatic lipid content and lipid-related gene expression in WT versus <i>KLF15</i>^<i>-/-</i> mice</b>. After 14 weeks of HFD, liver tissue from clamped mice was collected and flash frozen. To assess hepatic lipid content, a triglyceride assay was performed using a commercially available kit (left; n=5-7). To measure lipid-related gene expression, total RNA was isolated from liver tissue, reverse transcribed and amplified by QPCR using primers against the genes shown (right; n=3). <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0077851#pone-0077851-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a> statistical comparisons were made using Student’s t test for unpaired samples. Values = mean ± SEM; *p<0.05; **p<0.01 compared to WT control.