Geniposide differentially regulated insulin secretion in β-cells at different glucose concentrations.

<p>A: Insulin secretion in INS-1 cells in response to 0, 5.5, 11, or 33 mM of glucose in the presence or absence of 10 μM geniposide. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 vs vehicle; $, # P < 0.05, && P < 0.01 vs the same glucose concentrations without geniposide. B: Insulin secretion in INS-1 cells incubated at indicated geniposide concentrations in the presence of 35 mM KCl. After the cells were washed twice with KRBH buffer and starved for 2 hours. The indicated concentrations of geniposide and 35 mM KCl were added and continued to incubate for one hour. The supernatant was collected to determine the content of insulin using the commercial ELISA kits. Data are means ± SD from at least three representative experiments (n = 3, two wells for each replicate).