IL-25 and IL-33 may somehow contribute to the development of HDM-induced AR.

<p>(A) Scheme of intranasal treatment of mice with HDM or PBS. (B) Detection of IL-25 in nose of wild-type and IL-25^−/− mice treated with HDM or PBS on Day 30 as in (A). The sections were stained with anti-mouse IL-25 Ab. IL-25 was detected in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells (brown) from HDM-treated wild-type mice, but not PBS-treated wild-type mice or PBS- and HDM-treated IL-25^−/− mice. Arrowheads indicate IL-25-positive epithelial cells (×400). (C) Detection of IL-33 in nose from wild-type and IL-33^−/− mice treated with HDM or PBS on Day 30, as in (A). The sections were stained with anti-mouse IL-33 Ab. IL-33 was detected in the nuclei of epithelial cells (red) from PBS-treated wild-type mice, but not HDM-treated wild-type mice or PBS- and HDM-treated IL-25^−/− mice. Arrowheads indicate IL-33-positive epithelial cells. Red shows IL-33 staining, and blue shows DAPI staining (×400). Data show a representative result from 3–7 mice in each group.